国会大厦暴乱：特朗普时代的暴力结尾
Washington in the Final Convulsions of the Trump Era
PETER BAKER
2021年1月7日
WASHINGTON — For years, President Trump’s critics who warned of worst-case scenarios were dismissed as alarmists. But the worst case appeared to be materializing on Wednesday as the president’s supporters stormed the United States Capitol, forcing a halt to the process formalizing his election defeat and the evacuation of Vice President Mike Pence and members of Congress.
华盛顿——几年来，特朗普总统的批评者一直在警告，最坏的情况将会发生，但被视为危言耸听。但是最坏的情况似乎在周三出现了，总统支持者冲进美国国会大厦，迫使正式确定他败选的过程停止，副总统迈克·彭斯(Mike Pence)和国会议员被迫撤离。
In a remarkable scene evocative of coups and uprisings in authoritarian countries around the world, a mob breached security barricades, broke windows and swarmed through the Capitol. While lawmakers fled, police officers deployed tear gas inside the citadel of American democracy and drew guns to guard the House chamber in an armed standoff. Rioters made it onto the Senate dais where the vice president had stood shortly before and into Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s office where one sat at her desk.
这惊人的一幕让人想起世界各地威权国家发生的政变和动乱。一群抗议者冲破安全路障，打碎窗户，涌进国会大厦。当议员们逃离时，警察在美国民主的城堡之内使用了催泪瓦斯，并且拔枪保卫众议院，双方发生武装对峙。暴动者登上副总统刚刚站过的参议院讲台，进入众议院议长南希·佩洛西(Nancy Pelosi)的办公室，其中一人坐在她的办公桌前。
The extraordinary invasion of the Capitol came shortly after Mr. Trump egged on his admirers at a rally to march to the headquarters of Congress to protest its acceptance of the results of the election that he lost, even suggesting that he would join them, although he did not. While he did not explicitly urge them to force their way into the building, he told them that his presidency was being stolen and that no one should stand for it, inflaming passions that erupted not long after on the other end of the Pennsylvania Avenue.
特朗普在一次集会上怂恿他的追随者向国会总部进军，抗议国会接受他的败选，甚至暗示自己会加入他们的行列，尽管他没有这样做。虽然他没有明确呼吁他们强行进入国会大厦，但他告诉他们，自己的总统职位正被窃取，任何人都不应该袖手旁观，不久后，这在宾夕法尼亚大道的另一端引发群情激奋。
Only after the situation escalated did Mr. Trump finally appeal for calm. “I am asking for everyone at the U.S. Capitol to remain peaceful,” he wrote on Twitter. “No violence! Remember, WE are the Party of Law & Order — respect the Law and our great men and women in Blue. Thank you!”
直到局势升级后，特朗普才终于呼吁各方保持冷静。“我请求美国国会大厦的所有人保持和平，”他在Twitter上写道。“不要暴力！记住，我们是维护法律和秩序的党——尊重法律和我们伟大的蓝衣男女。谢谢你们！”
But he did not initially tell them to leave the Capitol or allow proceedings to resume and even Mr. Trump’s own advisers implored him to do more. “Condemn this now, @realDonaldTrump,” Alyssa Farah, who just stepped down as his communications director, wrote on Twitter. “You are the only one they will listen to. For our country!”
但特朗普最初并没有让他们离开国会大厦或允许确认选票程序恢复，就连特朗普自己的顾问也恳请他采取更多行动。“立即发起谴责，@realDonaldTrump，”刚刚辞去特朗普通讯联络主管一职的阿丽莎·法拉(Alyssa Farah)在Twitter上写道。“他们只会听你的话。为了我们的国家！”
Mick Mulvaney, who served as Mr. Trump’s White House chief of staff and later become a special envoy, made a similar appeal. “The President’s tweet is not enough,” he wrote. “He can stop this now and needs to do exactly that. Tell these folks to go home.”
曾担任特朗普的白宫幕僚长、后来成为特使的米克·马尔瓦尼(Mick Mulvaney)也发出了类似的呼吁。“总统的推文是不够的，”他写道。“他可以让这一切停下来，这正是他应该立即做的。让这些人回家去。”
Moments after President-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr. went on live television to deplore the “sedition” at the Capitol and call on Mr. Trump to go before cameras, the president released a recorded video online that offered mixed messages. He repeated his grievances against people who were “so bad and so evil” even as he told supporters it was time to withdraw without condemning their actions.
候任总统小约瑟夫·R·拜登(Joseph R. Biden Jr.)在电视直播中谴责国会大厦的“煽动行为”，并呼吁特朗普面对镜头。就在这之后不久，总统在网上发布的一段录制视频透露了含混不清的讯息。他重申他对那些“如此恶劣而邪恶”的人感到不满，然而他没有谴责其支持者的行为，只是告诉他们现在是时候撤离了。
“I know you’re hurt,” he told them. “We had an election that was stolen from us. It was a landslide election and everyone knows it, especially the other side. But you have to go home now.” He added, “We love you. You’re very special.”
“我知道你们很伤心，”他告诉他们。“我们的选举被偷走了。人人都知道那是一场压倒性的胜利，尤其是另一边的人。但你们现在必须回家去。”他还说，“我们爱你们。你们非常特别。”
The president’s critics placed the blame on him for encouraging the violent response by repeatedly telling Americans that the election was stolen from him when it was not. “This is what the president has caused today, this insurrection,” Senator Mitt Romney, Republican of Utah, told a reporter as he was ushered with other lawmakers into a secure location that the authorities asked not be disclosed.
总统的批评者指责他反复告诉美国人选举被窃取——尽管实际上并非如此——是在鼓励用暴力做出回击。“这就是今天总统引发的暴动，”犹他州共和党参议员米特·罗姆尼(Mitt Romney)对记者表示，当时他正在与其他议员被护送进入一个当局要求保密的安全地点。
Representative Adam Kinzinger, Republican of Illinois and another outspoken critic of the president, went even further, accusing the president’s supporters of seeking the violent overthrow of the government. “This is a coup attempt,” he wrote on Twitter.
伊利诺伊州共和党众议员、另一位直言不讳的总统批评者亚当·金青格(Adam Kinzinger)的表态更加激烈，指责总统支持者寻求暴力推翻政府。“这是一次未遂政变，”他在Twitter上写道。
The president’s Republican allies, who were in the midst of trying to block the counting of Mr. Biden’s electors in hopes of helping Mr. Trump cling to power, denounced the violence without backing down from their effort.
总统的共和党盟友正在试图阻止统计拜登的选举人票，以盼让特朗普继续掌握权力，他们谴责了暴力，但并没有放弃他们的企图。
“The violence must end, those who attacked police and broke the law must be prosecuted, and Congress must get back to work and finish its job,” Senator Josh Hawley, Republican of Missouri and a leader of the election-blocking effort, said in a statement.
“暴力必须终止，袭击警察和违反法律的人必须受到起诉，国会必须恢复工作，完成职责，”阻止选举程序行动的领导者之一、密苏里州共和党参议员乔希·霍利(Josh Hawley)在一份声明中表示。
While Washington has seen many protests over the years, including some that turned violent, the convulsion on Wednesday was unlike anything that the capital has seen during a transition of power in modern times, literally interrupting the constitutional acceptance of Mr. Biden’s election victory. A presidency that has stirred hostility and divisions for four years appeared to be ending in an explosion of anger, disorder and violence.
尽管华盛顿多年来经历过许多次抗议，其中一些还演变成暴力，但周三发生在首都的骚乱，在近现代的权力交接过程中堪称史无前例，实际上打断了依据宪法承认拜登胜选的程序。一位总统在四年间引发的敌意和分歧，似乎即将在愤怒、混乱和暴力的爆发中结束。
“We will never give up,” Mr. Trump had declared at a “Save America March” on the Ellipse shortly before the uprising, his last-gasp effort to justify his failing bid to overturn the democratic election with false claims of fraud that have been debunked by elections, judges and even his own attorney general. “We will never concede. It doesn’t happen. You don’t concede when there’s theft involved. Our country has had enough. We will not take it anymore, and that’s what this is all about.”
“我们永远不放弃，”在暴动发生前不久，特朗普在白宫椭圆形草坪的一次“拯救美国游行”(Save America March)中宣称，那是他最后的努力，企图用舞弊的虚假主张来推翻民主选举，但不管是选举结果、法官甚至还有他自己的司法部长都揭穿了他的谎言。“我们永远不认输。认输是不可能的。有偷窃就不能有认输。我们的国家受够了。我们不能再忍受，这就是我们的意思。”
As the crowd on the Ellipse chanted, “Fight for Trump! Fight for Trump!” the president lashed out at members of his own party for not doing more to help him cling to power over the will of the people. “There are so many weak Republicans,” he growled and then vowed to take revenge against those he deemed insufficiently loyal. “You primary them,” he said.
随着椭圆形草坪上的人群高呼“为特朗普而战！为特朗普而战！”总统怒斥其所在政党的成员，指责他们没有采取更多措施让他不顾人民意志抓住权力。“有那么多软弱的共和党人，”他咆哮道，然后发誓要报复那些他认为不够忠诚的人。“你们要初选掉他们，”他说。
He singled out Gov. Brian Kemp of Georgia, a Republican who has angered him by not intervening in the election, calling him “one of the dumbest governors in the United States.” And he went after William P. Barr, the attorney general who would not validate his election complaints. “All of a sudden, Bill Barr changed,” he groused.
他点名佐治亚州州长布莱恩·肯普(Brian Kemp)，称他是“美国最蠢州长之一”，这位共和党人因不肯干预大选激怒了他。他还抨击了不愿证实他对大选怨言的司法部长威廉·P·巴尔(William P. Barr)。“突然之间，比尔·巴尔就变脸了，”他抱怨道。
Other speakers, including his sons Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump, excoriated Republican lawmakers for not standing up for Mr. Trump. “The people who did nothing to stop the steal — this gathering should send a message to them,” Donald Trump Jr. said. “This isn’t their Republican Party anymore. This is Donald Trump’s Republican Party.”
其他演讲者，包括他的儿子小唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump Jr.)和埃里克·特朗普(Eric Trump)，都痛斥没有支持特朗普的共和党议员。“对那些没有阻止这场选举被偷走的人——趁这次机会应该向他们传达一个信息，”小唐纳德·特朗普说。“这已经不是他们的共和党了。这是唐纳德·特朗普的共和党。”
To many Republicans, that was the problem. Even as Mr. Trump’s presidency was slipping away from him, Republicans increasingly turned on him, stewing over the Tuesday’s runoff elections in Georgia that seemed to favor Democrats and the votes he was forcing lawmakers to take for or against the results of a democratic election.
对于许多共和党人而言，这就是问题所在。即便总统职位即将离特朗普而去，仍有越来越多共和党人背弃了他，对佐治亚州在周二举行的似乎对民主党有利的决选，以及他逼迫议员投票支持或反对民主选举结果的行为感到恼怒。
Even Mr. Pence and Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the Republican leader, who have been among the most loyal supporters of Mr. Trump for four years, finally broke with him in a decisive way. Mr. Pence rebuffed the president’s demand that he use his role as presiding officer over the Electoral College count to reject electors for Mr. Biden. And Mr. McConnell gave a forceful speech repudiating Mr. Trump’s effort to overturn the election.
就连彭斯和肯塔基州参议员、共和党领袖米奇·麦康奈尔(Mitch McConnell)也最终果断与他决裂，他们都是四年来特朗普最忠实的支持者之一。彭斯拒绝了总统的要求，不肯利用自己主持选举人团计票的身份来否决拜登的选举人票。麦康奈尔发表了一篇有力演说，驳斥了特朗普推翻大选的企图。
“If this election were overturned by mere allegations from the losing side, our democracy would enter a death spiral,” Mr. McConnell said in a speech before the rioters overran the Capitol.
“如果这次大选仅靠失败一方的空口指控就能被推翻，我们的民主将进入死亡螺旋，”暴徒占领国会大厦前，麦康奈尔在一次演讲中表示。
Mr. Pence rejected the president just minutes after Mr. Trump continued to publicly pressure him to do what even the president’s longtime lawyer Jay Sekulow said the vice president did not have the power to do — reject the electors of swing states Republicans lost.
彭斯也拒绝了总统，就在那之前几分钟，特朗普还继续向他公开施压，要求他做到连总统长期合作律师杰伊·塞库洛(Jay Sekulow)都说副总统无权去做的事——否决共和党输掉的摇摆州的选举人票。
“I hope Mike is going to do the right thing,” Mr. Trump told the rally on the Ellipse. “I hope so. I hope so because if Mike Pence does the right thing, we win the election.”
“我希望迈克会做正确的事，”特朗普告诉在椭圆形草坪上集会的人。“希望如此。我希望如此，因为如果迈克·彭斯做了正确的事，我们就能赢下大选。”
Just minutes later, Mr. Pence released a letter saying he did not have the power to do what the president wanted him to do. “Vesting the vice president with unilateral authority to decide presidential contests would be entirely antithetical” to the constitutional design, he wrote.
而几分钟后，彭斯发布了一封信，称他无权做总统希望他做的事。“将决定总统竞选的单方权威授予副总统将完全有违于”宪法的设计，他写道。
He added: “It is my considered judgment that my oath to support and defend the Constitution constrains me from claiming unilateral authority to determine which electoral votes should be counted and which should not.”
他还表示：“我经过深思熟虑得出的判断是，我支持和捍卫对宪法的宣誓，这让我不能行使单方权威来决定哪些选举人票应该被计算，哪些不应该。”
With Mr. Pence unwilling and unable to stop the count, the president’s supporters made it their mission to do it themselves. And for several hours, at least, they succeeded.
由于彭斯不愿也无法阻止计票进行，总统支持者就把这件事当做了自己的使命来完成。至少在几个小时的时间里，他们成功了。
