特朗普和他的共和党盟友会受到惩罚吗？
Will Trump and His Republican Allies Ever Face Consequences?
SPENCER BOKAT-LINDELL
2021年1月8日
On Wednesday, a mob of President Trump’s supporters acting at his behest — some boasting Confederate flags, nooses and a shirt that read “Camp Auschwitz” — launched a destructive assault on the Capitol that led to the police fatally shooting a woman in the halls of Congress. Even before the building was declared secure, the nation’s attention was turning to the question of consequences.
周三，一群特朗普总统的支持者在他的要求下，对国会大厦发动了破坏性袭击，导致一名女性在国会大厅被警方击毙。这些人炫耀着南部邦联旗、绞索和一件印有“奥斯威辛集中营”字样的衣服。在国会大楼的形势得到控制之前，全国的注意力就已经转向了追责。
“Historian of coups and right-wing authoritarians here,” wrote Ruth Ben-Ghiat, a professor of history at New York University, on Twitter. “If there are not severe consequences for every lawmaker & Trump govt official who backed this, every member of the Capitol Police who collaborated with them, this ‘strategy of disruption’ will escalate in 2021.”
“我是研究政变和右翼独裁者的历史学家，”纽约大学(New York University)的历史教授露丝·本-吉亚特(Ruth Ben-Ghiat)在Twitter上写道。“如果每个支持此事的议员和特朗普政府官员，以及每个里应外合的国会警察都不承担后果的话，那么这种‘破坏战略’将在2021年升级。”
What should those consequences be? Here’s what people are saying.
如何追责？这里是大家的看法。
The consequences for President Trump
特朗普总统应该负担的责任
As my colleague Sheera Frenkel reports, calls for violence against elected officials have been circulating online for months, and they have not been limited to Congress: State capitols across the country also faced crowds of armed Trump supporters on Wednesday, in some cases prompting evacuations, shutdowns and police mobilizations.
正如我的同事希拉·弗伦克尔(Sheera Frenkel)报道的那样，向民选官员发起暴力行动的号召已经在网上流传了数月，而且并不仅仅限于针对国会：周三，各州的州议会也出现了大批武装特朗普支持者，在有些地方，这引发了疏散、关闭和警力调动。
At the center of the campaign was President Trump, who has courted extremists like QAnon adherents and the Proud Boys in a bid to subvert the election. Politicians and pundits have proposed a few ways of holding him accountable.
该行动的核心人物是特朗普总统，他向“匿名者Q”(QAnon)组织追随者和“骄傲男孩”(Proud Boys)组织等极端分子示好，企图颠覆选举结果。政界人士和专家提出了几种追责手段。
The 25th Amendment: The 25th Amendment of the Constitution allows for the removal of the president from office if the vice president and a majority of the cabinet determine that he is unfit. Top congressional Democrats (as well as two law professors in this paper) have called on Vice President Mike Pence to invoke it. The option is reportedly being discussed by members of the cabinet and other Republican officials, though skepticism about their sincerity abounds.
第25修正案：《宪法》第25修正案规定，如果副总统和多数内阁成员认为他不适合担任总统，可以将其免职。国会的民主党高层（以及本文中的两位法学教授）呼吁彭斯副总统动用该修正案。据报道，内阁成员和其他共和党官员正在就该选项展开讨论，尽管人们对他们的诚意充满怀疑。
Impeachment: Deeming him “too dangerous to leave in office for even another minute,” the Times columnist Bret Stephens argues Congress must immediately impeach and convict Mr. Trump, which could potentially bar him from ever holding office again. Representative Ilhan Omar, Democrat of Minnesota, on Wednesday said she would introduce articles of impeachment. Though the House adjourned on Thursday, Speaker Nancy Pelosi threatened to pursue the measure if Mr. Pence does not invoke the 25th Amendment.
弹劾：《纽约时报》专栏作家布雷特·斯蒂芬斯(Bret Stephens)认为，他“太危险，在总统的位置上一分钟都不能多待”，国会必须立即对其进行弹劾、定罪，这样可能将避免他再次成为总统。明尼苏达州民主党众议员伊尔汗·奥马尔(Ilhan Omar)周三表示，她将提出弹劾条款。尽管众议院周四休会，但众议院议长南希·佩洛西(Nancy Pelosi)放话，如果彭斯不动用第25修正案，众议院就会提出弹劾。
Prosecution: Some have argued that at this point, simply removing Mr. Trump from office would be an insufficient punishment, given that participating in an attempted overthrow of the government is a federal crime. The Times columnist Jamelle Bouie tweeted: “arrest the president”、“i’m not joking. he incited a riot to try to sack the congress and install himself in office. our laws mean nothing if he can continue to live a free man.”
起诉：一些人认为，鉴于参与推翻政府的企图属于联邦罪行，目前仅仅罢免特朗普是不够的。《纽约时报》专栏作家杰梅尔·布伊(Jamelle Bouie)在推文中说：“逮捕总统”、“我不是在开玩笑。他煽动了一场暴乱，企图解雇国会，让自己上台。如果他还能继续自由地生活，我们的法律就毫无意义了”。
Deplatforming: After the mayhem on Wednesday, the president was suspended from Twitter for 12 hours and from Facebook for at least the next two weeks, but Greg Bensinger argues in The Times that the bans should be permanent. “Jan. 6, 2021, ought to be social media’s day of reckoning,” he writes. “There is a greater calling than profits, and Mr. Zuckerberg and Twitter’s C.E.O., Jack Dorsey, must play a fundamental role in restoring truth and decency to our democracy and democracies around the world.”
关闭他的社交媒体账号：在周三的混乱之后，总统的Twitter账号被临时关闭12个小时，Facebook账号被冻结至少两周，但格雷格·本辛格(Greg Bensinger)在《纽约时报》上提出，他的账号应该永久性关停。“2021年1月6日应该是社交媒体的清算日，”他写道。“有比赚钱更重要的东西，扎克伯格先生和Twitter的首席执行官杰克·多西(Jack Dorsey)必须在恢复我们的民主和全世界民主国家的真相和尊严方面发挥根本性作用。”
The consequences for the Republican Party
对共和党的影响
Mr. Trump has hardly acted alone in his campaign to overturn the election results: At one point or another, his efforts have enjoyed the support of 14 Republicans in the Senate and a majority of Republicans in the House. After the violence on Wednesday, eight Republican senators and 139 of 211 Republican representatives, including the party leader, still voted against against certifying the election.
在推翻选举结果的活动中，特朗普并不是单独行动：他的努力一度得到得到参议院中14名共和党人以及众议院多数共和党人的支持。周三的暴力事件发生后，八名共和党参议员和211名共和党众议员中的139人仍然投票反对认证选举结果，包括党领袖在内。
One of those eight senators was Ted Cruz of Texas, whose campaign sent out fund-raising messages during the attack to help support the president’s gambit. As the Times editorial board points out, Mr. Cruz has favorably invoked the precedent of the 1876 election, during which Democrats violently suppressed the Black vote and then demanded the end of Reconstruction as their price of concession, plunging the country into a new era of white supremacist terror.
这八名参议员之一是得克萨斯州的特德·克鲁兹(Ted Cruz)，他的竞选团队在袭击期间发出筹款信息，帮助支持总统的部署。正如《纽约时报》编辑部指出的，克鲁兹将1876年选举作为正面例子引用，当时民主党人暴力压制了黑人投票，然后要求结束重建时期，作为让步的代价，这让美国陷入了白人至上主义恐怖主义的新时代。
“The modern Republican Party, in its systematic efforts to suppress voting, and its refusal to acknowledge the legitimacy of elections that it loses, is similarly seeking to maintain its political power on the basis of disenfranchisement,” the Times editorial board writes. “Wednesday’s insurrection is evidence of an alarming willingness to pursue that goal with violence.” What should be done about it?
“现代的共和党系统性地压制投票，拒绝承认自己失败的选举的合法性，同样是在剥夺公民权的基础上寻求维持自己的政治权力，”时报编辑部写道。“周三的暴动证明，他们愿意以暴力达到这一目标，令人担忧。”我们应该怎么做？
Form a third party: “Even if only a small group of principled, center-right lawmakers — and the business leaders who fund them — broke away and formed their own conservative coalition, they would become hugely influential in today’s closely divided Senate,” the Times columnist Tom Friedman writes. “They could be a critical swing faction helping to decide which Biden legislation passes, is moderated or fails.”
组建第三党：“哪怕只有一小部分有原则的中右派议员——以及为他们出资的商界领袖——与之决裂，并结成一个保守派联盟，在当下保持着势均力敌的对立的参议院，也会产生巨大的影响力。他们可以成为一个关键的摇摆派系，参与决定拜登的立法哪些可以通过，哪些是适度的，哪些将失败，”《纽约时报》专栏作家汤姆·弗里德曼(Tom Friedman)写道。
Launch financial pressure campaigns: From here on out, Osita Nwanevu argues in The New Republic, companies that support the Republican Party should be subject to boycotts. “A decision was made 10 or 11 years ago that the future of the Republican Party would rest upon delegitimizing or undermining the votes of its opponents,” he writes. “A plan was made; corporations financed it.”
发动金融施压运动：奥西塔·瓦内乌(Osita Nwanevu)在《新共和》(The New Republic)撰文指出，从现在开始，支持共和党的公司应该受到抵制。他写道：“10年或11年前，共和党做出了一个决定，认为共和党的未来将取决于剥夺或削弱对手的选票，”他写道。“于是他们在此基础上制定计划；许多公司为其提供资金。”
Kick Mr. Trump’s allies out of Congress: Representative Cori Bush of Missouri announced on Wednesday that she would introduce a resolution invoking the 14th Amendment, which disqualifies those who engage in insurrection against the Constitution from holding office, to expel Republican members who have sought to overturn the election. The proposal has drawn support from several other lawmakers.
把特朗普的盟友赶出国会：密苏里州众议员科里·布什(Cori Bush)周三宣布，她将提出一项决议，援引第14修正案，驱逐那些试图推翻选举的共和党成员。该修正案规定参与违宪暴动的人没有资格担任公职。她的提议得到了其他几位议员的支持。
The consequences for the police
对警察的影响
An investigation: The Capitol Police force has 1,879 officers and a budget of $515.5 million, according to Roll Call, but that did not stop the mob from easily overtaking the seat of U.S. government. A number of lawmakers, including Maxine Waters, chairwoman of the House financial services committee, have called for a formal investigation of the incident.
调查：据Roll Call网站报道，国会警察部队共有1879名警员，预算5.155亿美元，但这仍不足以阻止暴徒轻而易举占领美国政府所在地。包括众议院财务委员会主席玛克欣·沃特斯(Maxine Waters)在内的许多议员都呼吁对此事开展正式调查。
D.C. statehood: The District of Columbia’s status as a federal district left officials unable to activate the National Guard. Instead, Mayor Muriel Bowser and members of Congress had to pass the request to the White House, which initially refused on Mr. Trump’s orders. With Democrats now in control of the Senate, it is easier to imagine a congressional vote on the long-debated proposal to grant the district statehood.
哥伦比亚特区立州：哥伦比亚特区作为联邦区的地位，使得官员们无法调动国民警卫队。这导致市长穆丽尔·鲍泽(Muriel Bowser)和国会议员不得不将这一请求提交给白宫，但白宫起初依据特朗普的命令予以拒绝。现在民主党控制了参议院，就更容易想象国会将对是否批准该地区立州的长久争议提案进行表决。
A national reckoning over policing: Many have pointed out that the police response to this incident bore little resemblance to the militarized deployments that nonviolent Black Lives Matter protests often meet or the aggressive tactics the Capitol Police itself used on disability activists nonviolently protesting the Republican effort to cut Medicaid funding in 2017. “How many protestors would be dead and/or bleeding had this crowd been Black?” my colleague Brent Staples asked.
对警察执法的全国反思：许多人都指出，警方对这一事件的反应，与对非暴力的“黑人的命也是命”(Black Lives Matter)抗议经常遇到的军事化部署，或国会警察自己在2017年针对抗议共和党削减联邦医疗补助(Medicaid)的残疾活动人士使用的激进策略相比，可谓大相径庭。“如果这群人是黑人，会有多少抗议者死亡及/或流血？”我的同事布伦特·斯台普斯(Brent Staples)质问道。
The ease with which the Capitol was infiltrated — documented in videos circulating on social media that show officers holding the hand of one member of the mob and taking a selfie with another — have raised questions about not just incompetence or implicit racial bias but also a more profound sort of complicity, if not actual conspiracy.
国会大厦如此轻易被突破——社交媒体上流传的视频显示，有警察握住了其中一名暴徒的手，还与另一名暴徒自拍——不仅引发了人们对警察无能或隐形种族偏见的疑问，更引起了对某种更深层共谋（如果不是真的阴谋）的质疑。
Masha Gessen argues in The New Yorker that in the most charitable interpretation of the event, the mob at least enjoyed the luxury of not being taken seriously by the police, which is itself a telling privilege: “The invaders may be full of contempt for a system that they think doesn’t represent them, but on Wednesday they managed to prove that it does. The system, which shrugged off their violence like it had been a toddler’s tantrum, represents them. It’s the rest of us it’s failing to protect.”
玛莎·格森(Masha Gessen)在《纽约客》(The New Yorker)中指出，若以最宽容的角度解释，暴徒们至少享受了不被警察严肃对待的奢侈，这本身就是一种能够说明问题的特权：“入侵者或许对他们认为不能代表他们的体制充满蔑视，但在周三，他们成功证明了这一体制就代表了他们。对他们的暴力置之不理，就像对待发脾气的婴儿，这一体制就代表了他们。它没能保护的，是我们其他人。”
The consequences for the country
对国家的影响
In The Times, Charlie Warzel argues that the storming of the Capitol is best understood not as an isolated event but as the almost inevitable consequence of a far-right assault on the country’s shared reality. “As a reluctant chronicler of our poisoned information ecosystem, to me none of this is very surprising,” he writes. “It is the culmination of more than five years of hatred, trolling, violent harassment and conspiracy theorizing that has moved from the internet’s underbelly to the White House and back again.”
在时报，查利·沃泽尔(Charlie Warzel)认为，最好不要把国会大厦袭击事件理解为一个孤立事件，而要把它当作极右势力对这个国家共同现实的攻击所造成的几乎不可避免的后果。“作为一个对我们毒性的信息生态系统不情不愿的记录者，这一切都不算令我感到惊讶，”他写道。“这是仇恨、喷子、暴力骚扰和阴谋论积累五年来制造的高潮，它们从互联网的阴沟转移到白宫，然后再转移回来。”
Mr. Warzel notes that while Mr. Trump has played a leading role in the assault, he has been accompanied by professional grifters, political opportunists, genuine marks, social media platforms and pro-Trump outlets like Fox News, which continue to spread conspiratorial lies and dangerous ideologies. To grasp the scale of the problem, consider that polls have found that a large majority of Republicans do not believe Mr. Biden’s victory was legitimate and that more Republicans approved of Wednesday’s rampage than opposed it.
沃泽尔指出，尽管特朗普是此次袭击的领衔主演，但伴随他的还有职业骗子、政治投机者、真正的标志、社交媒体平台和福克斯新闻(Fox News)这样的亲特朗普媒体，一起继续传播阴谋谎言和危险意识形态。要把握问题的严重程度，可以看看那些发现绝大多数共和党人都不相信拜登胜选合法，以及共和党人对周三暴行赞同多于反对的民意调查。
Can the country re-establish a sense of shared reality? “The proposed solutions that I’ve heard include more education on critical thinking, a bigger emphasis on science and empiricism in schools and maybe going back to just three television networks,” the Times columnist Farhad Manjoo says. But, they added, “the problems are so complicated and layered that I am pessimistic about fixing them.”
这个国家还能重建共同的现实感吗？“我听到的建议包括进行更多审辩式思维教育，在学校里更加强调科学和经验主义，也许还可以回到只有三家电视网络的时代，”时报专栏作者法哈德·曼乔(Farhad Manjoo)说。但曼乔也表示，“这些问题是如此复杂和多层次，我对解决它们持悲观态度。”
For it’s one thing to debate the best way to stanch the country’s supply of disinformation, and another to identify and attend to the forces fueling the country’s demand for it.
因为，讨论遏制整个国家虚假信息来源的最佳办法是一回事，找到并解决推动整个国家对虚假信息需求的势力又是另一回事。
“Millions of Americans are actively courting conspiracies and violent, radical ideologies in order to make sense of a world they don’t trust,” Mr. Warzel writes. “Our reality crisis is born of selfishness, shamelessness and suffering. It is bone deep. And it will only continue to escalate.”
“无数美国人正积极支持阴谋论和暴力激进意识形态，以便理解这个他们不肯信任的世界，”沃泽尔写道。“我们的现实危机源于自私、无耻和痛苦。这早就深入骨髓。而且只会继续恶化下去。”
