被Pornhub毁掉的孩子
The Children of Pornhub
纪思道
2020年12月8日
This article contains descriptions of sexual assault.
本文包含对性侵犯的描述。
Pornhub prides itself on being the cheery, winking face of naughty, the website that buys a billboard in Times Square and provides snow plows to clear Boston streets. It donates to organizations fighting for racial equality and offers steamy content free to get people through Covid-19 shutdowns.
Pornhub以其扮活泼鬼脸的调皮态度而自豪，这家网站会在时报广场购买广告牌，会提供扫雪机清理波士顿的街道。它向争取种族平等的机构捐款，并提供免费的色情内容帮助人们熬过新冠疫情期间的封锁。
That supposedly “wholesome Pornhub” attracts 3.5 billion visits a month, more than Netflix, Yahoo or Amazon. Pornhub rakes in money from almost three billion ad impressions a day. One ranking lists Pornhub as the 10th-most-visited website in the world.
这个所谓的“身心健全Pornhub”每月能吸引35亿次访问，超过了Netflix、雅虎或亚马逊。每天近30亿的广告曝光量让Pornhub赚得盆满钵满。一项排名将Pornhub列为世界上访问量第十高的网站。
Yet there’s another side of the company: Its site is infested with rape videos. It monetizes child rapes, revenge pornography, spy cam videos of women showering, racist and misogynist content, and footage of women being asphyxiated in plastic bags. A search for “girls under18” (no space) or “14yo” leads in each case to more than 100,000 videos. Most aren’t of children being assaulted, but too many are.
然而，这家公司也有另一面：它的网站上充斥着强奸视频。它将强奸儿童、复仇式色情、偷拍女性洗澡、种族主义和厌女内容、以及妇女被困在塑料袋里窒息的片段当作盈利手段。每次搜索“girls under18”（女孩 不满18）或者“14yo”（14岁）都能得到超过10万条视频结果。大多数内容并非性侵儿童，但仍然有太多的确是。
After a 15-year-old girl went missing in Florida, her mother found her on Pornhub — in 58 sex videos. Sexual assaults on a 14-year-old California girl were posted on Pornhub and were reported to the authorities not by the company but by a classmate who saw the videos. In each case, offenders were arrested for the assaults, but Pornhub escaped responsibility for sharing the videos and profiting from them.
佛罗里达州一名15岁女孩失踪后，她的母亲在Pornhub上的58个色情视频中找到了她。一名14岁的加州女孩遭受性侵的视频被发到了Pornhub上，将此事报告当局的并非这家公司，而是女孩的一位看到这些视频的同学。两案中的罪犯都因侵犯行为被逮捕，但Pornhub逃脱了传播视频并从中获利的责任。
Pornhub is like YouTube in that it allows members of the public to post their own videos. A great majority of the 6.8 million new videos posted on the site each year probably involve consenting adults, but many depict child abuse and nonconsensual violence. Because it’s impossible to be sure whether a youth in a video is 14 or 18, neither Pornhub nor anyone else has a clear idea of how much content is illegal.
Pornhub和YouTube一样，允许大众上传自己的视频。在该网站每年发布的680万条新视频中，绝大多数可能都包括自愿的成年人，但也有许多描绘了虐待儿童和非自愿的暴力。因为不可能确定视频中的年轻人是14岁还是18岁，无论是Pornhub还是其他任何人都不清楚究竟有多少内容是违法的。
Unlike YouTube, Pornhub allows these videos to be downloaded directly from its website. So even if a rape video is removed at the request of the authorities, it may already be too late: The video lives on as it is shared with others or uploaded again and again.
与YouTube不同的是，Pornhub允许用户直接从其网站下载这些视频。因此，即使某个强奸视频应当局要求被删除，也可能为时已晚：在不断分享和上传的过程中，该视频将永远存在下去。
“Pornhub became my trafficker,” a woman named Cali told me. She says she was adopted in the United States from China and then trafficked by her adoptive family and forced to appear in pornographic videos beginning when she was 9. Some videos of her being abused ended up on Pornhub and regularly reappear there, she said.
“Pornhub成了我的人贩子，”一位名叫卡莉(Cali)的女性告诉我。她说自己从中国被美国家庭收养，然后被收养家庭贩卖，从9岁开始，她就被迫出现在色情视频中。她说，一些她被虐待的视频最终被放到了Pornhub上，并总在那里反复出现。
“I’m still getting sold, even though I’m five years out of that life,” Cali said. Now 23, she is studying in a university and hoping to become a lawyer — but those old videos hang over her.
“我还是在被贩卖，哪怕我已经离开那种生活五年之久了，”卡莉说。如今23岁的她正在一所大学读书，希望成为一名律师——但那些旧视频仍是她的心头阴影。
“I may never be able to get away from this,” she said. “I may be 40 with eight kids, and people are still masturbating to my photos.”
“我可能永远无法摆脱，”她说。“就算到40岁、有8个孩子的时候，人们还会看着我的照片自慰。”
“You type ‘Young Asian’ and you can probably find me,” she added.
“你输入‘Young Asian’（年轻亚洲人），可能就会找到我，”她补充道。
Actually, maybe not. Pornhub recently was offering 26,000 videos in response to that search. That doesn’t count videos that show up under “related searches” that Pornhub suggests, including “young tiny teen,” “extra small petite teen,” “tiny Asian teen” or just “young girl.” Nor does it necessarily count videos on a Pornhub channel called “exploited teen Asia.”
实际上，可能找不到。最近，Pornhub为这一词条搜索提供了2.6万条视频结果。但这不包括Pornhub提供的“相关搜索”建议下出现的视频，包括“young tiny teen”（娇小青少年）、“extra small petite teen”（特别娇小的青少年）、“tiny Asian teen”（娇小亚洲青少年），或直接是“young girl”（小女孩）。它也不一定将那个名为“欺辱亚洲青少年”的Pornhub频道里的视频算进去。
The issue is not pornography but rape. Let’s agree that promoting assaults on children or on anyone without consent is unconscionable. The problem with Bill Cosby or Harvey Weinstein or Jeffrey Epstein was not the sex but the lack of consent — and so it is with Pornhub.
这里的问题不在色情，而在强奸。我们都认同一件事，即未经同意对儿童或任何人的侵犯行为进行推广是不对的。比尔·考斯比(Bill Cosby)或哈维·韦恩斯坦(Harvey Weinstein)或杰弗里·爱泼斯坦(Jeffrey Epstein)的问题不在于性行为，而在于没有得到同意——Pornhub也是如此。
I came across many videos on Pornhub that were recordings of assaults on unconscious women and girls. The rapists would open the eyelids of the victims and touch their eyeballs to show that they were nonresponsive.
我在Pornhub看到的许多视频都记录了对失去意识的妇女或女童的侵犯。强奸犯们会撑开受害者的眼睑，触摸她们的眼球，以表明她们没有反应。
Pornhub profited this fall from a video of a naked woman being tortured by a gang of men in China. It is monetizing video compilations with titles like “Screaming Teen,” “Degraded Teen” and “Extreme Choking.” Look at a choking video and it may suggest also searching for “She Can’t Breathe.”
今年秋天，Pornhub从一段裸体女子在中国被一群男人折磨的视频中获利。它也从有着诸如“青少年尖叫”、“青少年堕落”、“极度窒息”标题的视频片段中获利。观看一段窒息视频，它就可能推荐你再去搜索“她无法呼吸”。
It should be possible to be sex positive and Pornhub negative.
“性积极”和“不上Pornhub”理应是可以兼得的。
Pornhub declined to make executives available on the record, but it provided a statement. “Pornhub is unequivocally committed to combating child sexual abuse material, and has instituted a comprehensive, industry-leading trust and safety policy to identify and eradicate illegal material from our community,” it said. Pornhub added that any assertion that the company allows child videos on the site “is irresponsible and flagrantly untrue.”
Pornhub拒绝让高管公开置评，但提供了一份声明。“Pornhub明确承诺打击儿童性虐待内容，并制定了全面的、行业领先的信任和安全政策，以识别和根除我们社区里的违法内容，”声明中说。Pornhub还表示，任何有关该公司允许儿童视频出现在其网站上的说法都是“不负责任且完全错误的”。
II.
二、
At 14, Serena K. Fleites was an A student in Bakersfield, Calif., who had never made out with a boy. But in the eighth grade she developed a crush on a boy a year older, and he asked her to take a naked video of herself. She sent it to him, and this changed her life.
14岁那年，塞琳娜·K·弗莱特斯(Serena K. Fleites)还是加州贝克斯菲尔德市的优等生，从来都没与男生亲热过。但在八年级时，她迷上了一个大她一岁的男生，他让她拍了一段裸露视频。她把视频发给了他，这改变了她的一生。
He asked for another, then another; she was nervous but flattered. “That’s when I started getting strange looks in school,” she remembered. He had shared the videos with other boys, and someone posted them on Pornhub.
他不断索要新的视频；她有些紧张，但又受宠若惊。“就在那时，我在学校里开始遇到奇怪的目光，”她回忆道。他把视频分享给了其他男生，然后有人把它们传到了Pornhub。
Fleites’s world imploded. It’s tough enough to be 14 without having your classmates entertain themselves by looking at you naked, and then mocking you as a slut. “People were texting me, if I didn’t send them a video, they were going to send them to my mom,” she said.
弗莱特斯的世界就此崩溃。就算没有同学把看你裸露当作娱乐，然后嘲笑你是个荡妇，做个14岁的青少年都已经够难的了。“有人给我发短信说，如果我不给他们发视频，他们就会把视频都发给我妈妈，”她说。
The boy was suspended, but Fleites began skipping class because she couldn’t bear the shame. Her mother persuaded Pornhub to remove the videos, and Fleites switched schools. But rumors reached the new school, and soon the videos were uploaded again to Pornhub and other websites.
那个男生被停学了，但弗莱特斯因为无法忍受羞辱而开始逃课。她的母亲说服Pornhub删除了视频，然后弗莱特斯转学了。但谣言传到了新学校，那些视频很快又被上传到Pornhub和其他网站。
Fleites quarreled with her mother and began cutting herself. Then one day she went to the medicine cabinet and took every antidepressant pill she could find.
弗莱特斯与母亲吵架，并开始割伤自己。有一天，她来到药柜前，服下了所有能找到的抗抑郁药。
Three days later, she woke up in the hospital, frustrated to be still alive. Next she hanged herself in the bathroom; her little sister found her, and medics revived her.
三天后，她在医院里醒来，不满于自己仍然活着。接着，她在浴室里上吊自杀。年纪尚小的妹妹发现了她，医生又把她救活。
As Fleites spiraled downward, a friend introduced her to meth and opioids, and she became addicted to both. She dropped out of school and became homeless.
弗莱特斯迅速堕落下去，一位朋友带她见识了冰毒和阿片类药物，而她对这两者都上了瘾。她辍了学，并最终在外流浪。
At 16, she advertised on Craigslist and began selling naked photos and videos of herself. It was a way to make a bit of money, and maybe also a way to punish herself. She thought, “I’m not worth anything any more because everybody has already seen my body,” she told me.
16岁那年，她在Craigslist上发布广告，开始兜售自己的裸照和视频。这是赚点小钱的手段，或许也是惩罚自己的方式。她想，“大家都已经看过了我的身体，所以我已经一文不值了，”她这样告诉我。
Those videos also ended up on Pornhub. Fleites would ask that they be removed. They usually would be, she says — but then would be uploaded again. One naked video of her at 14 had 400,000 views, she says, leaving her afraid to apply for fast-food jobs for fear that someone would recognize her.
那些视频同样被放到了Pornhub上。她要求Pornhub将它们删除。她说，这些视频一般会被删除——但随后又被上传。她14岁时拍的一个裸露视频观看量达到40万，她说，这让她甚至不敢申请快餐店的工作，因为怕被认出来。
So today Fleites, 19, off drugs for a year but unemployed and traumatized, is living in her car in Bakersfield, along with three dogs that have proved more loyal and loving than the human species. She dreams of becoming a vet technician but isn’t sure how to get there. “It’s kind of hard to go to school when you’re living in a car with dogs,” she said.
因此，现年19岁、刚戒毒一年的弗莱特斯没有工作，饱受创伤，值呢鞥在贝克斯菲尔德跟三条比人类更忠诚、有爱心的狗一起，住在她的车里。她梦想成为一名兽医技师，但不知道如何实现这个目标。“当你和狗住在一辆车里的时候，上学读书就有点困难，”她说。
“I was dumb,” she acknowledged, noting that she had never imagined that the videos could be shared online. “It was one small thing that a teenager does, and it’s crazy how it turns into something so much bigger.
“我太傻了，”她承认自己从未想过视频会被分享到网上。“对于一个十几岁的孩子来说，这只是一件小事，但它变成那么大的事情，真是太疯狂了。”
“A whole life can be changed because of one little mistake.”
“一个小小的错误就可能改变整个人生。”
III.
三、
The problem goes far beyond one company. Indeed, a rival of Pornhub, XVideos, which arguably has even fewer scruples, may attract more visitors. Depictions of child abuse also appear on mainstream sites like Twitter, Reddit and Facebook. And Google supports the business models of companies that thrive on child molestation.
远不止一家公司面临这个问题。Pornhub的竞争对手XVideos可以说更肆无忌惮，当然可能也会吸引更多访问量。对虐待儿童的描绘也出现在了Twitter、Reddit和Facebook等主流网站上。谷歌则支持了那些靠猥亵儿童大发其财的公司的商业模式。
Google returns 920 million videos on a search for “young porn.” Top hits include a video of a naked “very young teen” engaging in sex acts on XVideo along with a video on Pornhub whose title is unprintable here.
在谷歌搜索“young porn”（青少年色情）会得到9.2亿条视频结果。最热门的结果包括XVideo上一个“年纪非常小的青少年”赤裸参与性行为的视频，以及Pornhub上一个标题不宜刊印的视频。
I asked the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children to compile the number of images, videos and other content related to child sexual exploitation reported to it each year. In 2015, it received reports of 6.5 million videos or other files; in 2017, 20.6 million; and in 2019, 69.2 million.
我要求全美失踪和受虐儿童中心(National Center for Missing and Exploited Children)统计每年向其报告的与儿童性剥削有关的图片、视频和其他内容的数量。2015年，他们共收到650万份视频或其他文件的报告；2017年为2060万；2019年，6920万。
Facebook removed 12.4 million images related to child exploitation in a three-month period this year. Twitter closed 264,000 accounts in six months last year for engaging in sexual exploitation of children. By contrast, Pornhub notes that the Internet Watch Foundation, an England-based nonprofit that combats child sexual abuse imagery, reported only 118 instances of child sexual abuse imagery on its site over almost three years, seemingly a negligible figure. “Eliminating illegal content is an ongoing battle for every modern content platform, and we are committed to remaining at the forefront,” Pornhub said in its statement.
今年，Facebook在三个月内删除了1240万张与剥削儿童有关的图片。去年，Twitter在六个月内关闭了26.4万个涉嫌儿童性剥削的账号。相较之下，Pornhub声称，总部设在英国、致力于打击儿童性虐待图像的非营利组织互联网观察基金会(Internet Watch Foundation)报告称，近三年来，其网站上仅有118起案例涉及儿童性虐待图像，这似乎是一个微不足道的数字。“对于每一家现代内容平台来说，消除违法内容都是一场持久战，我们承诺将站在这场战斗的最前线，”Pornhub在其声明中表示。
The Internet Watch Foundation couldn’t explain why its figure for Pornhub is so low. Perhaps it’s because people on Pornhub are inured to the material and unlikely to report it. But if you know what to look for, it’s possible to find hundreds of apparent child sexual abuse videos on Pornhub in 30 minutes. Pornhub has recently offered playlists with names including “less than 18,” “the best collection of young boys” and “under- – age.”
互联网观察基金会无法解释为什么Pornhub的案例数量这么低。或许是因为Pornhub用户对此已经习以为常，不太可能举报。但如果你知道要找什么，可能用半小时就能在Pornhub上发现几百个明显有儿童性虐待的视频。Pornhub最近提供的播放列表标题包括“不满18岁”、“最佳男童收藏”和“未——成年”。
Congress and successive presidents have done almost nothing as this problem has grown. The tech world that made it possible has been mostly passive, in a defensive crouch. But pioneering reporting in 2019 by my Times colleagues has prodded Congress to begin debating competing strategies to address child exploitation.
在这一问题愈演愈烈的情况下，国会和历届总统几乎没有作为。让这一问题成为可能的科技圈大抵态度消极，忙于辩解。但我的时报同事在2019年进行了开创性的报道，已经促使国会就解决儿童剥削的竞争策略展开辩论。
Concerns about Pornhub are bubbling up. A petition to shut the site down has received 2.1 million signatures. Senator Ben Sasse, a Nebraska Republican, called on the Justice Department to investigate Pornhub. PayPal cut off services for the company, and credit card companies have been asked to do the same. An organization called Traffickinghub, led by an activist named Laila Mickelwait, documents abuses and calls for the site to be shut down. Twenty members of Canada’s Parliament have called on their government to crack down on Pornhub, which is effectively based in Montreal.
对Pornhub的担忧正在加剧。要求关闭该网站的请愿已经收到了210万人的签名。内布拉斯加州共和党参议员本·萨斯(Ben Sasse)呼吁司法部对Pornhub进行调查。贝宝(PayPal)已经终止了对该公司的服务，信用卡公司也被要求这么做。由活动人士莱拉·米克尔韦特(Laila Mickelwait)领导的机构Traffickinghub记录了这些虐待行为，并呼吁关闭该网站。加拿大议会的20位成员呼吁政府打击Pornhub，其总部正好位于蒙特利尔。
“They made money off my pain and suffering,” an 18-year-old woman named Taylor told me. A boyfriend secretly made a video of her performing a sex act when she was 14, and it ended up on Pornhub, the police confirmed. “I went to school the next day and everybody was looking at their phones and me as I walked down the hall,” she added, weeping as she spoke. “They were laughing.”
“他们从我的痛苦和煎熬中牟利，”一位名叫泰勒(Taylor)的18岁女性告诉我。警方证实，在她14岁的时候，一位男友秘密录制了她的性行为视频，而视频最终被发到了Pornhub上。“第二天上学的时候，当我走进大厅，所有人都边看手机边看我，”她哭着说。“他们都在笑。”
Taylor said she has twice attempted suicide because of the humiliation and trauma. Like others quoted here, she agreed to tell her story and help document it because she thought it might help other girls avoid suffering as she did.
泰勒说，因为耻辱和创伤，她曾两次试图自杀。与本文提及的其他人一样，她同意讲述自己的故事，帮助记录下来，因为她相信这么做可能会让其他女孩免受和她一样的痛苦。
IV.
四、
Pornhub is owned by Mindgeek, a private pornography conglomerate with more than 100 websites, production companies and brands. Its sites include Redtube, Youporn, XTube, SpankWire, ExtremeTube, Men.com, My Dirty Hobby, Thumbzilla, PornMD, Brazzers and GayTube. There are other major players in porn outside the Mindgeek umbrella, most notably XHamster and XVideos, but Mindgeek is a porn titan. If it operated in another industry, the Justice Department could be discussing an antitrust case against it.
Pornhub由Mindgeek所有，后者是一家私营色情内容集团，旗下拥有超过100家网站、制作公司和品牌。其网站包括Redtube、Youporn、XTube、SpankWire、ExtremeTube、Men.com、My Dirty Hobby、Thumbzilla、PornMD、Brazzers和GayTube。除了Mindgeek的麾下企业之外，色情产业中还有其他重要的公司，最著名就是XHamster和XVideos，但Mindgeek绝对是一个色情巨头。如果换个行业，司法部可能都已经在讨论针对它的反托拉斯诉讼了。
Pornhub and Mindgeek also stand out because of their influence. One study this year by a digital marketing company concluded that Pornhub was the technology company with the third greatest-impact on society in the 21st century, after Facebook and Google but ahead of Microsoft, Apple and Amazon.
Pornhub和Mindgeek也因其影响力而非同一般。今年，一家数字营销公司的研究得出结论称，Pornhub是21世纪对社会影响第三大的科技公司，仅次于Facebook和谷歌，领先于微软、苹果和亚马逊。
Nominally based in Luxembourg for tax reasons, Mindgeek is a private company run from Montreal. It does not disclose who owns it, but it is led by Feras Antoon and David Tassillo, both Canadians, who declined to be interviewed.
由于税收原因，Mindgeek名义上设在卢森堡，实际上是一家位于蒙特利尔的私营公司。它没有公开所有者的姓名，但其负责人费拉斯·安东(Feras Antoon)和大卫·塔西洛(David Tassillo)都是加拿大籍，两人都拒绝接受采访。
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada calls himself a feminist and has been proud of his government’s efforts to empower women worldwide. So a question for Trudeau and all Canadians: Why does Canada host a company that inflicts rape videos on the world?
加拿大总理贾斯汀·特鲁多(Justin Trudeau)自称是女权主义者，并对其政府为全球女性赋权的努力感到自豪。因此，这里有一个问题要问特鲁多和所有加拿大人：为什么加拿大会有一家向全世界传播强奸视频的公司？
Mindgeek’s moderators are charged with filtering out videos of children, but its business model profits from sex videos starring young people.
Mindgeek的内容审核员有责任过滤掉儿童视频，但其商业模式却从由年轻人主演的性视频中盈利。
“The goal for a content moderator is to let as much content as possible go through,” a former Mindgeek employee told me. He said he believed that the top executives weren’t evil but were focused above all on maximizing revenue.
“内容审核人的目的是让越多的内容通过越好，”一名Mindgeek前员工告诉我。他说他认为高管并不坏，但只关心如何让利润最大化。
While Pornhub would not tell me how many moderators it employs, I interviewed one who said that there are about 80 worldwide who work on Mindgeek sites (by comparison, Facebook told me it has 15,000 moderators). With 1.36 million new hours of video uploaded a year to Pornhub, that means that each moderator would have to review hundreds of hours of content each week.
尽管Pornhub不愿意告诉我该公司雇佣了多少内容审核员，我的一个采访对象说全世界约有80人在Mindgeek的网站工作（相比之下，Facebook告诉我该公司有1.5万名内容审核员）。每年会有136万小时的新视频会上传到Pornhub，这意味着每个审核员必须每周要审核数以百计小时的内容。
The moderators fast forward through videos, but it’s often difficult to assess whether a person is 14 or 18, or whether torture is real or fake. Most of the underage content involves teenagers, the moderator I spoke with said, but some comes from spy cams in toilets or changing rooms and shows children only 8 to 12.
这些审核员会快进看完视频，但往往很难评估一个人到底是14岁还是18岁，或者折磨行为是真是假。我采访的审核员说，大多数未成年人内容都是青少年，但一些内容来自于厕所里或更衣室的偷拍摄像头，里面的儿童只有8到12岁。
“The job in itself is soul-destroying,” the moderator said.
“这份工作本身就很毁人，”这名审核员说。
Pornhub appears to be increasingly alarmed about civil or criminal liability. Lawyers are circling, and nine women sued the company in federal court after spy cam videos surfaced on Pornhub. The videos were shot in a locker room at Limestone College in South Carolina and showed women showering and changing clothes.
Pornhub似乎对民事或刑事责任愈发警觉。律师们在周围盘旋，并且在偷拍摄像头的视频在Pornhub上出现后，有九名女性在联邦法庭对该公司提起诉讼。这些视频是在南卡罗来纳州州的莱姆斯顿学院(Limestone College)的更衣室拍摄的，里面有女性在洗澡和换衣服的画面。
Executives of Pornhub appear in the past to have assumed that they enjoyed immunity under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which protects internet platforms on which members of the public post content. But in 2018 Congress limited Section 230 so that it may not be enough to shield the company, leading Mindgeek to behave better.
在过去，Pornhub的高管似乎认为，他们享受《通信规范法案》(Communications Decency Act)第230节赋予的豁免权。该法案保护有公众发布内容的互联网平台。但在2018年，国会对第230节做出了限制，因此不足以保护该公司，这也让Mindgeek做出了更好的表现。
It has doubled the number of moderators in the last couple of years, the moderator told me, and this year Pornhub began voluntarily reporting illegal material to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. After previously dragging its feet in removing videos of children and nonconsensual content, Pornhub now is responding more rapidly.
接受采访的审核员告诉我，在过去的几年间，该公司将审核员的数量增加了一倍，并且在今年，Pornhub开始主动向全美失踪和受虐儿童中心(National Center for Missing and Exploited Children)报告非法内容。在此前撤下儿童视频和非知情同意内容方面行动迟缓之后，Pornhub如今反应更加迅速。
It has also compiled a list of banned content. I obtained a copy of this list, and it purports to bar videos with terms or themes like “rape,” “preteen,” “pedophilia” and “bestiality” (it helpfully clarifies that this “includes eels, fish, octopus, insects”). Diapers are OK “if no scatophilia.” Mutilation depends on context but “cannot depict severing parts of the body.”
该公司还编制了一个被禁内容的列表。我获得了一份这个列表的副本，上面声称要禁止带有“强奸”、“不满13岁的儿童”、“恋童癖”、“人兽性交”（其中有用地明确说明这里面“包括鳗鱼、鱼、章鱼、昆虫”）等说法和题材的视频。“如果不存在嗜粪癖”，尿布是可以有的。肢解要看情况，但“不能展现分尸”。
So while it is now no longer possible to search on Pornhub in English using terms like “underage” or “rape,” the company hasn’t tried hard to eliminate such videos. A member called “13yoboyteen” is allowed to post videos. A search for “r*pe,” turns up 1,901 videos. “Girl with braces” turns up 1,913 videos and suggests also trying “exxxtra small teens.” A search for “13yo” generates 155,000 videos. To be clear, most aren’t of 13-year-olds, but the fact that they’re promoted with that language seems to reflect an effort to attract pedophiles.
因此，尽管如今无法在Pornhub上用英文搜索“underage”（未成年）或“rape”（强奸），但该公司仍然没有努力删除此类视频。一位名为“13yoboyteen”（13岁男孩少年）的用户可以发布视频。搜索“r*pe”可以出现1901个视频。搜索“Girl with braces”（戴牙套女孩）可以出现1913个视频，并且联想功能还会出现“exxxtra small teens”（超小青少年）。搜索“13yo”（13岁）会出现15.5万个视频。要说明一点，这些视频大多数并非13岁青少年，但视频通过这种语言来宣传，似乎反映出他们在试图吸引恋童癖。
Moreover, some videos seem at odds with the list of banned content. “Runaway Girl Gets Ultimatum, Anal or the Streets” is the title of one Pornhub video. Another user posts videos documenting sex with teenage girls as they weep, protest and cry out in pain.
此外，一些视频似乎并没有遵守被禁内容列表。《离家出走的女孩收到最后通牒，选择肛交还是被赶到大街上》(Runaway Girl Gets Ultimatum, Anal or the Streets)是Pornhub上一则视频的标题。另一位用户发布的视频记录下了与正在啜泣、抗议和因为疼痛哭喊的十几岁女孩发生性关系的画面。
While Pornhub is becoming more careful about videos of potentially litigious Americans, it remains cavalier about overseas victims. One Indonesian video is titled “Junior High School Girl After Class” and shows what appears to be a young teenager having sex. A Chinese sex video, just taken down, was labeled: “Beautiful High School Girl Is Tricked by Classmates and Taken to the Top of a Building Where She Is Insulted and Raped.”
尽管Pornhub可能愈发小心对待这些爱打官司的美国人，但公司对海外受害者不闻不问。一个标题为《下课后的初中女生》(Junior High School Girl After Class)的印度尼西亚视频里面，一名年龄很小的青少年正在进行性交。一则刚刚被撤下的中国视频被标为“Beautiful High School Girl Is Tricked by Classmates and Taken to the Top of a Building Where She Is Insulted and Raped”（漂亮高中女孩被同学骗到顶楼侮辱强奸）。
“They’re making money off the worst moment in my life, off my body,” a Colombian teenager who asked to be called Xela, a nickname, told me. Two American men paid her when she was 16 for a sexual encounter that they filmed and then posted on Pornhub. She was one of several Pornhub survivors who told me they had thought of or attempted suicide.
“他们在利用我人生最低谷、利用我的身体赚钱，”一名哥伦比亚少女告诉我，她要求化名“Xela”。她16岁时，两个美国男子给她钱换取性服务，并且将整个过程拍摄下来，然后发布在了Pornhub上。有几名Pornhub幸存者告诉我，她们曾想过或者尝试过自杀，她就是其中之一。
In the last few days as I was completing this article, two new videos of prepubescent girls being assaulted were posted, along with a sex video of a 15-year-old girl who was suicidal after it went online. I don’t see how good-faith moderators could approve any of these videos.
过去几天，在我写这篇文章的时候，两个内容是还没到青春期的女孩遭到性侵的新视频被发布了出来，还有一个性视频主角是一个15岁的女孩，在被传上网之后她开始想要自杀。我不觉得任何有良心的审核人会让这种视频通过审核。
V.
五、
“It’s always going to be online,” Nicole, a British woman who has had naked videos of herself posted and reposted on Pornhub, told me. “That’s my big fear of having kids, them seeing this.”
“它永远都会在网上，”英国女子妮可(Nicole)对我说，她的全裸视频曾被发到网上，又被转到Pornhub上。“这就是我不敢要孩子的原因，我怕他们看到。”
That’s a recurring theme among survivors: An assault eventually ends, but Pornhub renders the suffering interminable.
这也是幸存者中不断出现的问题：一场性侵最终会结束，但Pornhub却会让这场折磨没有尽头。
Naked videos of Nicole at 15 were posted on Pornhub. Now 19, she has been trying for two years to get them removed.
妮可15岁时的全裸视频被发到了Pornhub上。如今她19岁了，她尝试让这些视频被删掉，已经努力了两年。
“Why do videos of me from when I was 15 years old and blackmailed, which is child porn, continuously [get] uploaded?” Nicole protested plaintively to Pornhub last year, in a message. “You really need a better system. … I tried to kill myself multiple times after finding myself reuploaded on your website.”
“为什么我15岁时受到勒索拍摄的、属于儿童色情的视频还在不断被上传到网上？”妮可去年伤心地在一则信息中向Pornhub抗议道。“你们真的需要一个更好的系统……在发现我自己又被上传到你们的网站上之后，我多次试图自杀。”
Nicole’s lawyer, Dani Pinter, says there are still at least three naked videos of Nicole at age 15 or 16 on Pornhub that they are trying to get removed.
妮可的律师丹尼·平特(Dani Pinter)说Pornhub上至少还有三个妮可15或16岁时候的视频，他们还在试图让该网站将其删除。
“It’s never going to end,” Nicole said. “They’re getting so much money from our trauma.”
“永远都没有尽头，”妮可说。“他们从我的伤痛里赚了那么多钱。”
Pornhub has introduced software that supposedly can “fingerprint” rape videos and prevent them from being uploaded again. But Vice showed how this technology is easily circumvented on Pornhub.
Pornhub已经引入了理论上能够给强奸视频“采指纹”、阻止这些视频再次上传的软件。但Vice展示了一下这一技术是如何轻易在Pornhub上能被规避掉的。
One Pornhub scandal involved the Girls Do Porn production company, which recruited young women for clothed modeling gigs and then pushed them to perform in sex videos, claiming that the videos would be sold only as DVDs in other countries and would never go online. Reassured that no one would ever know, some of the women agreed — and then were shattered when the footage was aggressively marketed on Pornhub.
Pornhub的一个丑闻涉及Girls Do Porn制作公司，该公司会招募年轻女子进行从事穿着衣服的模特工作，然后会推动她们去性视频里表演，并称这些视频只会作为DVD在其他国家出售，绝不会被放上网。在得到不会被人知道的保证后，一些女子会同意——然后当这些画面在Pornhub上被大肆推广时，她们备受打击。
Girls Do Porn was prosecuted for sex trafficking and shut down. But those videos continue to surface and resurface on Pornhub; last time I checked, videos of six victims of Girls Do Porn were on Pornhub, which continues to profit from them.
Girls Do Porn因性交易遭到起诉，并被关停，但那些视频仍然在Pornhub上不断出现。我上一次查看的时候，Girls Do Porn六名受害人的视频还在Pornhub上，该公司仍在通过这些视频获利。
One of the Girls Do Porn women I saw on Pornhub is now dead. She was murdered at 20, allegedly by an angry ex-boyfriend who is about to go on trial. I’m not disclosing her name because she should be remembered as a vibrant college athlete, and not for a sex video that represented her most mortifying moment.
我在Pornhub上看到的一个Girls Do Porn受害者如今已经去世。她20岁时遭到谋杀，嫌疑人是一个愤怒的前男友，他即将上庭。我在这里不会公开她的名字，因为她应当作为一名活力十足的大学运动员被人们铭记，而不是因为一个代表了她最耻辱时刻的性视频。
VI.
六、
So what’s the solution?
那么解决方案是什么？
I had expected the survivors to want to shut down Pornhub and send its executives to prison. Some did, but others were more nuanced. Lydia, now 20, was trafficked as a child and had many rape videos posted on the site. “My stomach hurts all the time” from the tension, she told me, but she doesn’t want to come across as hostile to porn itself.
我曾认为幸存者会想要关停Pornhub，让其高管坐牢。一些人确实这么想，但其他人的想法有一些细微差别。如今20岁的莉迪亚(Lydia)幼时遭到人口贩卖，Pornhub上有许多她被强奸的视频。由于紧张，“我总是肚子疼，”她告诉我，但她不想被人认为她的敌意是针对色情片本身的。
“I don’t want people to hear ‘No porn!’” Lydia told me. “It’s more like, ‘Stop hurting kids.’”
“我不希望大家听到的是‘禁止色情！’”莉迪亚对我说。“我所希望的是‘不要伤害孩子’。”
Susan Padron told me that she had assumed that pornography was consensual, until a boyfriend filmed her in a sex act when she was 15 and posted it on Pornhub. She has struggled since and believes that only people who have confirmed their identities should be allowed to post videos.
苏珊·帕德龙(Susan Padron)告诉我，她以前一直认为色情内容是双方自愿的，直到在她15岁的时候，男朋友把她的性爱视频帖到Pornhub上。此后，她一直在痛苦中挣扎，并且认为应该只有确认了身份的人，才能发布视频。
Jessica Shumway, who was trafficked and had a customer post a sex video on Pornhub, agrees: “They need to figure out who’s underage in the videos and that there’s consent from everybody in it.”
杰西卡·舒姆韦(Jessica Shumway)也持同样的看法。她也被迫拍摄了性爱视频，有个顾客还把一段视频贴在了Pornhub上。“他们需要明确视频中是否有未成年人，而且需要征得所有人的同意才能发布。”
I asked Leo, 18, who had videos of himself posted on Pornhub when he was 14, what he suggested.
我问18岁的利奥(Leo)，他有什么建议没有。他14岁开始就有自己的视频被发布在Pornhub上。
“That’s tough,” he said. “My solution would be to leave porn to professional production companies,” because they require proof of age and consent.
“那太难了，”他说。“我的办法是，把色情内容交由专业的制作公司”，因为它们会要求出示年龄证明和签知情书。
Right now, those companies can’t compete with mostly free sites like Pornhub and XVideos.
目前，这些公司还无法与Pornhub和XVideos之类基本免费的网站竞争。
“Pornhub has already destroyed the business model for pay sites,” said Stoya, an adult film actress and writer. She, too, thinks all platforms — from YouTube to Pornhub — should require proof of consent to upload videos of private individuals.
“Pornhub已经摧毁了付费网站的商业模式，”成人片演员和作家斯托亚(Stoya)说。她也认为，从YouTube到PornHub，所有的平台都应该要求上传个人视频的时候出示同意证明。
Columnists are supposed to offer answers, but I struggle with solutions. If Pornhub curated videos more rigorously, the most offensive material might just move to the dark web or to websites in less regulated countries. Yet at least they would then not be normalized on a mainstream site.
专栏作家应该给出答案，但我却拿不出好办法。如果Pornhub对视频严格管理的话，那么最不堪入目的内容可能跑去暗网或者那些管理不严的国家的网站。不过这样一来，至少它们就不会在一个主流网站上成为常态。
More pressure and less impunity would help. We’re already seeing that limiting Section 230 immunity leads to better self-policing.
增加压力和惩罚也会有所帮助。我们已经看到，限制第230节豁免权带来了自律的强化。
And call me a prude, but I don’t see why search engines, banks or credit card companies should bolster a company that monetizes sexual assaults on children or unconscious women. If PayPal can suspend cooperation with Pornhub, so can American Express, Mastercard and Visa.
叫我假正经好了，但我就是不明白，为什么搜索引擎、银行或者信用卡公司要支持一个靠性侵儿童或者昏迷女性挣钱的公司。如果PayPal可以暂停跟Pornhub的合作，美国运通(American Express)、万事达(Mastercard)和维萨(Visa)也可以。
I don’t see any neat solution. But aside from limiting immunity so that companies are incentivized to behave better, here are three steps that would help: 1.) Allow only verified users to post videos. 2.) Prohibit downloads. 3.) Increase moderation.
我看不到有任何周全的解决方案。但是，除了限制豁免权，激励企业不可胡来之外，以下三个步骤也会有所帮助：1）只允许经过验证的用户发布视频；2）禁止下载；3）加强审核。
These measures wouldn’t kill porn or much bother consumers of it; YouTube thrives without downloads. Siri Dahl, a prominent porn star who does business with Pornhub, told me that my three proposals are “insanely reasonable.”
这些措施并不会扼杀色情片，也不会给其消费者带来太大困扰；YouTube不能下载，照样蓬勃发展。跟Pornhub有生意往来的著名成人明星西里·达尔(Siri Dahl)告诉我，我的三个建议“非常合理”。
The world has often been oblivious to child sexual abuse, from the Catholic Church to the Boy Scouts. Too late, we prosecute individuals like Jeffrey Epstein or R. Kelly. But we should also stand up to corporations that systematically exploit children. With Pornhub, we have Jeffrey Epstein times 1,000.
从天主教会到童子军，这个世界往往对儿童遭到的性虐待视而不见。起诉杰弗里·爱泼斯坦和R·凯利(R. Kelly)这样的家伙，往往为时已晚。但我们还是应该站出来，反对那些有组织地剥削儿童的公司。有了Pornhub，我们就有了1000个杰弗里·爱泼斯坦。
