盘点2022年22件第一次发生的事
22 Things That Happened for the First Time in 2022
TRICIA TISAK
2022年12月29日
笔记导读
skittish 1.轻浮的；易变的；反覆无常的 (of people 人 ) not very serious and with ideas and feelings that keep changing；2.说变就变的；变幻莫测的 ( business 商 ) likely to change suddenly ◆ skittish financial markets 变幻莫测的金融市场
reel 感到震惊;感到心烦；If you are reeling from a shock, you are feeling extremely surprised or upset because of it. ◆ I was still reeling from the shock. 我吓得依然晕头转向。
immersive 计算机系统或图像）沉浸式虚拟现实的 ( technical 术语 ) used to describe a computer system or image that seems to surround the user
双语全文（官方译文）
1. Apple becomes the first company to reach a stock market value of $3 trillion.
1. 苹果成为首家市值达到3万亿美元的公司。
In January, Apple’s value briefly hit the $3 trillion mark, making it the first publicly traded company to do so. Its value has since declined, as it and other companies face a skittish economy still reeling from the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and record inflation. Apple was also the first company to be valued at $1 trillion, in 2018, and $2 trillion, in 2020.
1月，苹果市值一度突破3万亿美元大关，成为首家创造此纪录的上市公司。自那之后，由于新冠疫情和创纪录的通胀，苹果和其他企业都受到经济震荡的影响，其市值有所下降。苹果在2018年成为首家市值1万亿美元的公司，在2020年成为首家市值2万亿美元的公司。
2. Scientists pinpoint how star formation in our galaxy began.
2. 科学家确定银河系的恒星起源。
Scientists can explain for the first time what triggered the formation of stars in the Milky Way, according to a paper published in Nature in January. Researchers say a chain reaction of supernovae about 14 million years ago led to the creation of a 1,000-light-year-wide bubble, at the center of which lies our galaxy. Though scientists knew this bubble existed, they recently discovered that all the local star-forming regions sit on its surface, because the chain reaction pushed away the dust and gas needed to produce new stars to the bubble’s edges.
根据1月发表在《自然》期刊的一篇论文，科学家首次得以解释是什么触发了银河系恒星的形成。研究者称，大约1400万年前的超新星连锁反应导致了一个直径1000光年的气泡空间，其中心就是我们的银河系。虽然科学家知道这个气泡空间的存在，但最近他们发现，所有局部恒星形成区域都位于其表面，因为连锁反应将新恒星形成所需的尘埃和气体都推到了气泡边缘。
3. Victoria’s Secret features a model with Down syndrome.
3. “维多利亚的秘密”选用患唐氏综合症的模特。
The Puerto Rican model Sofía Jirau is the first woman with Down syndrome to become a Victoria’s Secret model. She appears in the fashion company’s Love Cloud ad campaign, which emphasizes diversity and inclusivity.
波多黎各模特苏菲亚·希罗成为首位患有唐氏综合症的“维密”模特。她在该时尚公司的“Love Cloud”系列广告中亮相，该系列强调多元和包容。
4. Microplastics are detected in human blood.
4. 人体血液中检测到塑料微粒。
A study published in March in Environment International found microplastics in human blood. About half of the participants in the study had polyethylene terephthalate — a polymer used in water bottles and food packaging, among other everyday items — in their bloodstream. Scientists had previously established that people are exposed to microscopic particles of plastic through the food they eat, the water they drink and the air they breathe.
3月发表在《国际环境》期刊上的一研究发现人体血液中含有塑料微粒。研究中约半数参与者的血液中都含有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，这是一种用于水瓶、食品包装和其他日常用品的聚合物。科学家此前已经确认，人可以通过吃的食物、喝的水和呼吸的空气接触到塑料微粒。
5. An ice shelf collapses in East Antarctica.
5. 南极洲东部的冰架崩塌。
The Conger ice shelf collapsed in mid-March, the first such collapse in the eastern part of Antarctica since satellites started recording activity there in 1979. The collapse of the 450-square-mile stretch of ice occurred sooner than expected, according to experts, and in a part of the continent that is considered less vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
3月中旬，康格冰架崩塌，这是自1979年卫星开始记录南极洲东部活动以来首次发生如此规模的崩塌。据专家称，这片面积约1200平方公里的冰架崩塌发生的时间比预期更早，还发生在被认为不易受气候变化影响的南极洲地区。
6. Scientists capture an image of the Milky Way’s black hole.
6. 科学家拍下银河系黑洞影像。
In May, scientists unveiled the first image of Sagittarius A*, a black hole at the center of our galaxy. It was the result of an international effort known as the Event Horizon Telescope project. In 2019, the same team of scientists unveiled the first image of a black hole at the center of the galaxy M87, which is 1,500 times larger than Sagittarius A*.
5月，科学家公布了人马座A*的首张影像，这是我们所在银河系中心的一个黑洞。这是由事件视界望远镜这一国际项目发表的结果。2019年，同一群科学家公布了M87星系中心的首张黑洞图片，这一黑洞比人马座A*大了1500倍。
7. Women referee at men’s World Cup.
7. 男足世界杯的女裁判。
Stéphanie Frappart of France became the first woman lead referee at a men’s World Cup match when she officiated a game between Costa Rica and Germany in Qatar in December. This was also the first men’s World Cup game to have an all-woman referee team: Ms. Frappart’s assistants were Neuza Back of Brazil and Karen Diaz Medina of Mexico.
法国的斯蒂凡娜·弗拉帕尔于12月在卡塔尔执法哥斯达黎加对德国的比赛，成为世界杯男足比赛的首位女性主裁判。这也是首场全部由女性主裁判执法的男足世界杯比赛：弗拉帕特的助手是巴西的纽扎·巴克和墨西哥的凯伦·迪亚兹·梅迪纳。
8. An Andy Warhol silk-screen breaks auction records in the United States.
8. 安迪·沃霍尔的一幅丝网版画打破了美国的拍卖纪录。
A silk-screen of Marilyn Monroe’s face by Andy Warhol, “Shot Sage Blue Marilyn,” fetched $195 million at a Christie’s auction in May, shattering a record set in 2017 by a Jean-Michel Basquiat painting as the highest price paid for an American artwork sold at auction.
安迪·沃霍尔的玛丽莲·梦露面部丝印作品《枪击梦露——鼠尾草蓝版》(Shot Sage Blue Marilyn)在5月的佳士得拍卖会上以1.95亿美元的价格成交，打破了2017年让-米歇尔·巴斯奎亚特画作创下的美国艺术品拍卖最高价纪录。
9. South Korea launches a satellite using its own rocket.
9. 韩国用自己的火箭发射了一颗卫星。
South Korea successfully launched a satellite using its Nuri rocket, built by the government’s Aerospace Research Institute and domestic companies. The event ushered in an ambitious new space era for the country and was a rallying point of communal pride. South Korea aims to land a spacecraft on the moon by 2030.
韩国利用政府航空航天研究所和国内公司制造的“世界号”火箭成功发射了一颗卫星，为这个国家开启了雄心勃勃的新太空时代，也成为集体自豪感的凝聚点。韩国的目标是在2030年之前发射航天器登陆月球。
10. A paralyzed man dies by legally assisted suicide in Italy.
10. 意大利一名瘫痪男子在合法协助下自杀。
In June, Federico Carboni, a 44-year-old man paralyzed for 12 years after a traffic accident, became the first person in Italy to die by legally assisted suicide. In 2019, Italy’s highest court ruled that assisted suicide is legal under certain circumstances, a widely debated issue in a predominantly Roman Catholic country.
今年6月，现年44岁、因交通事故瘫痪12年的费德里科·卡伯尼成为意大利第一个通过合法协助自杀死亡的人。2019年，意大利最高法院裁定，在某些情况下，协助自杀是合法的，这在一个以罗马天主教为主的国家是一个备受争议的问题。
11. Scientists reveal bacteria large enough to see with the naked eye.
11. 科学家发现了大到可用肉眼看到的细菌。
In a study published in June in the journal Science, researchers identified the existence of a bacterium that can be seen without a microscope, upending the accepted scientific narrative that bacteria are microscopic in nature. On average, the species Thiomargarita magnifica grows to about 9,000 microns (0.35 inches) in length. Although Thiomargarita magnifica was initially discovered in 2009 in a Caribbean mangrove forest, it took researchers time to determine that it was a species of bacteria because of its surprising size.
今年6月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，研究人员发现了一种不用显微镜就能看到的细菌，颠覆了细菌本质上是微生物这一公认科学说法。这个名叫华丽硫珠菌(Thiomargarita magnifica)的物种平均长度约为9000微米。尽管它最初于2009年在加勒比红树林中被发现，但由于其尺寸惊人，研究人员花了很长时间才确定它是一种细菌。
12. Meta reports its first drop in quarterly revenue since its I.P.O. in 2012.
12. Meta公布了自2012年首次公开募股以来的首次季度收入下降。
Meta, Facebook’s parent company, reported in July its first revenue decline since the company went public 10 years ago. The social media company, once a Wall Street wonder, has recently sought to remake itself as a power player in the immersive 3-D experience known as the metaverse. But it has grappled with a declining and aging user base, while facing more competition from apps like TikTok.
Facebook的母公司Meta今年7月报告称，该公司自10年前上市以来首次出现营收下滑。这家曾是华尔街奇迹的社交媒体公司最近试图重塑自己，成为被称为“元宇宙”的沉浸式3D体验领域内的强大参与者。但它一直在努力应对用户基数不断下降和老龄化问题，同时面临来自TikTok等应用程序的更多竞争。
13. Women are appointed to high-level positions in the Vatican and Al Azhar.
13. 女性身居梵蒂冈和艾兹哈尔高位。
For the first time, three women were appointed to a Vatican committee that advises Pope Francis on candidates for bishops in the Catholic Church. And in Egypt, the Al Azhar Mosque named a woman as an adviser to the grand imam, Sheikh Ahmed el-Tayeb, a first in the Islamic institution’s 1,000-year history.
三名女性首次被任命为梵蒂冈委员会成员，该委员会就天主教会主教候选人向教宗方济各提供建议。在埃及，艾兹哈尔清真寺任命一名女性为大伊玛目谢赫·艾哈迈德·塔伊布的顾问，这在该伊斯兰机构1000年的历史上尚属首次。
14. More Americans are smoking marijuana than cigarettes.
14. 吸食大麻的美国人多于吸烟者。
A Gallup report released in August revealed that more Americans are smoking marijuana than cigarettes for the first time on record. About 16 percent of the Americans polled said they currently smoke marijuana, five percentage points more than those who reported smoking cigarettes. Cigarette use has continued to decline since its peak during the mid-1950s, when 45 percent of Americans reported that they smoked.
盖洛普8月份发布的一份报告显示，吸大麻的美国人多于吸烟者，这是有史以来第一次。在接受调查的美国人中，约16%的人表示他们目前吸大麻，比自称吸烟的人多五个百分点。香烟的使用自20世纪50年代中期达到顶峰以来一直在下降，当时45%的美国人报告说他们吸烟。
15. Catholics outnumber Protestants in Northern Ireland.
15. 在北爱尔兰，天主教徒的数量超过了新教徒。
According to census numbers released in September, more Catholics live in Northern Ireland than Protestants for the first time since the creation of the United Kingdom territory more than a century ago — a shift that has prompted rumblings about a possible referendum on reunifying Ireland.
根据9月份公布的人口普查数据，自一个多世纪前英国领土建立以来，居住在北爱尔兰的天主教徒首次超过新教徒，这一转变引发了有关就统一爱尔兰举行公投的传言。
16. The breaking of the wand of office is televised.
16. 电视转播折断权杖的过程。
In Britain, the symbolic breaking of the wand of office was televised for the first time during Queen Elizabeth II’s committal service 11 days after her death in September. To signify the end of the queen’s reign, the Lord Chamberlain broke the wand, a staff that represented her rule, at St. George’s Chapel in Windsor.
在英国，女王伊丽莎白二世于9月去世11天后，她的遗体告别仪式上折断王室权杖的象征性仪式首次通过电视转播。为了宣告女王统治的结束，内务大臣在温莎的圣乔治教堂折断了代表女王统治的权杖。
17. The Xturismo hoverbike makes its first public flight.
17. Xturismo飞行摩托车首次公开飞行。
A Japanese start-up demonstrated its Hoverbike in flight for the first time in September at the Detroit Auto Show. The Xturismo hoverbike, a flying bike that can stay aloft for 40 minutes, will set buyers back more than half a million dollars. Plans for a more affordable electric hoverbike, at $50,000, are in the works.
今年9月，一家日本初创企业在底特律车展上首次展示了其飞行摩托。这款名为Xturismo的飞行摩托可以在空中停留40分钟，售价超过50万美元。一种价格更实惠的电动飞行摩托正在计划中，售价为5万美元。
18. NASA smashes a spacecraft into an asteroid in a planetary defense test.
18. 美国宇航局的一次行星防御试验用航天器撞击了一颗小行星。
NASA purposely flew a spacecraft into an asteroid in September, altering the asteroid’s trajectory in a test mission that has implications for future asteroids that could threaten Earth. The Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART, was the planet’s “first planetary defense test,” according to NASA.
今年9月，美国国家航空航天局在一次测试任务中，故意让一个航天器撞向一颗小行星，改变了后者的轨道，这关系到对未来可能威胁地球的小行星的应对。据美国宇航局称，双小行星重定向测试(DART)是地球的“第一次行星防御试验”。
19. France sends gas to Germany.
19. 法国向德国输送天然气。
For the first time, France is pumping natural gas directly to Germany in exchange for electricity. Both countries are pivoting after Russia cut off its gas supply to Europe in what critics say is retribution for the West’s sanctions following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
法国首次将天然气直接输送到德国，以换取电力。两个国家都是在俄罗斯切断对欧洲的天然气供应后做出转变的，批评人士说，切断天然气是对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后西方制裁的报复。
20. A Neanderthal clan’s remains are found in a Russian cave.
20. 在俄罗斯的一个洞穴中发现了一个尼安德特部落的遗迹。
Scientists have uncovered the first known remains of a Neanderthal clan in a cave in Russia, according to a study published in the journal Nature in October. The findings have led to one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal clan — including a father and daughter — to date. Scientists believe this group of about 11 Neanderthals likely died around the same time 54,000 years ago, possibly from starvation.
根据10月份发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究，科学家们在俄罗斯的一个洞穴中发现了首个已知的尼安德特人部落遗骸。这一发现导致了迄今为止对尼安德特人部族——其中包括一对父女——最大规模的基因研究之一。科学家们认为，这群约有11人的尼安德特人可能死于54000年前的同一时间，死因可能是饥饿。
21. The first person of color heads the British government.
21. 英国政府第一次由有色人种领导。
Rishi Sunak was born in southern England to parents who emigrated from British colonial East Africa. His grandparents were from the Punjab region of India. In October, he made history as the first person of color to become prime minister of Britain. He is also the first person of the Hindu faith to sit in that office — and may even be the first prime minister who comes to the job with more wealth than the British royal family. Mr. Sunak, a former banker, and his wife, whose father co-founded the information technology company Infosys, are worth an estimated 730 million pounds (about $870 million); the late Queen Elizabeth II’s wealth was estimated at about 370 million pounds ($440 million), according to the Sunday Times Rich List. Mr. Sunak was the chancellor of the Exchequer under Boris Johnson. He replaced Liz Truss, the embattled prime minister who served only 44 days.
瑞希·苏纳克出生在英格兰南部，父母是从英国殖民时期的东非移民而来。他的祖父母来自印度旁遮普地区。10月，他创造了历史，成为首个当上英国首相的有色人种。他也是第一位信奉印度教的首相，甚至可能是第一位身家超过英国王室的首相。苏纳克曾是一名银行家，他和妻子——其父是信息技术公司印孚瑟斯的联合创始人——的身家估计为7.3亿英镑（约合人民币61.1亿元）；根据《周日泰晤士报》富豪榜，已故女王伊丽莎白二世的财富估计约为3.7亿英镑。苏纳克曾在鲍里斯·约翰逊手下担任财政大臣。他取代了身陷困境、仅任职44天的首相利兹·特拉斯。
22. The FIFA World Cup is hosted in the Middle East for the first time.
22. 国际足联世界杯第一次在中东地区举办。
The 2022 World Cup was held in Qatar, a first for the country and for the Middle East. This is also the first World Cup to take place in the winter in the northern hemisphere. Qatar spent billions of dollars building facilities and upgrading its infrastructure in the lead-up to the event.
2022年世界杯在卡塔尔举行，这是该国和中东地区的第一次。这也是第一次在北半球冬季举行的世界杯。卡塔尔花费了数十亿美元建造设施和升级其基础设施。
